Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia - Department of Anesthesiology
Mark Stafford-Smith MD

Division of Cardiothoracic Anesthesia

 

Mark Stafford-Smith MD, CM, FRCPC, FASE

Mark Stafford-Smith MDDr. Mark Stafford-Smith received his medical degree from McGill University and attended Dalhousie University to complete his residency in anesthesia. He came to Duke as a fellow in cardiac anesthesia in 1994 and now serves as Professor of Anesthesiology, Director of the Cardiothoracic Anesthesia and Critical Care Fellowship, and Director of Departmental Fellowship Education.

The main focus of Dr. Stafford-Smith’s research is to understand and prevent acute kidney injury after cardiac and other major surgeries. He and his colleagues have found that since there is no effective prophylaxis or therapy short of dialysis, preoperative renal risk stratification, and avoidance of renal stressors throughout the surgical period are important clinical tools for prevention. The identification of genetic risk factors can also be seen as a preventative tool.

Secondary interests include:

  • study of analgesic strategies after cardiothoracic surgical procedures
  • performance of clinical trials
  • perioperative transfusion and hemostasis

Although he has many clinical and research achievements, Dr. Stafford-Smith’s strong interests in medical education and mentorship have been integral in growing Duke’s Anesthesiology Department. In 1999, he was awarded the Duke Department of Anesthesiology Medical Student Faculty Recognition Award for teaching. Some of Dr. Stafford-Smith’s other major achievements include:

  • International Anesthesia Research Society’s B.B. Sankey Anesthesia Advancement Award (1993)
  • Visiting Academian of the Year Award at the College of Anaesthesiologists in Singapore (2005)
  • Participating in the completed surgical arm of the NIH National Emphysema Treatment Trial

Grants

  1. The Medicines Company: “Database Analysis Agreement – Phase A&B Blood Pressure Analysis.” Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 8/07 – 8/08.
  2. Inspire Pharmaceuticals Inc.: “Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind, Parallel Group Study of INS50589 Intravenous Infusion in Subjects Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Involving Cardiopulmonary Bypass.” Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 5/06-8/06.
  3. Information Management in the Perioperative Environment
    PI: M. Wright, MD
    PI1 K02 HS015704-01
    Grant amount: $447,409
    Grant period: 7/06 - 6/11
    Role: Collaborator
  4. Integrated Intelligent Perioperative Alarms
    PI: M. Wright, MD
    NIH R21 RR022208-01A1
    Grant amount: $412,231
    Grant period: 1/06-12/07
    Role: Co-Investigator
  5. Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation: “Objective Measures of Performance in Simulated Anesthesia: A Comparison of Novices and Experts.” Also recipient of the Ellison "Jeep" Pierce, Jr. Award. Co-Investigator. Grant Period: 1/06 – 3/07.
  6. Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesia Research Mid-Career Award: “Cytokine and Outcome Interactions between Brain and Renal Ischemia.” Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 7/05-6/07.
  7. Anesthesia Patient Safety Foundation: “Effects of Time of Day and Surgery Duration on Adverse Events in Anesthesia.” Co-Investigator. Grant Period: 1/04 – 4/05.
  8. Defining the Learning Curve in Research Trials
    PI: J. Taekman, MD
    NIH 1R01NS049548-01
    Grant amount: $283,000
    Grant period: 7/04-6/06.
    Role: Co-Investigator
  9. National PI: Duke Clinical Research Organization/Global Perioperative Research Organization (International Anesthesia Research Society) BioMarin Pharmaceuticals. “A phase III comparison of Neutralase™ to protamine patients undergoing primary coronary bypass surgery.” (113 sites, 167 patients, US and Canada (78), and Germany (35) including 5 investigator meetings and 15 National PI-administered simulator training sessions), 7/02-12/03.
  10. Duke Clinical Research Institute: “Randomized Trial of Acorn Cardiac Support Device Therapy in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy.” Co-Principal Investigator.
  11. BioMarin Pharmaceuticals: “Evaluation of Intraoperative Hemodynamic Changes Temporally Related to Protamine Administration, and Bleeding and Transfusion After CABG Surgery.” Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 3/02 – 7/02.
  12. National Kidney Foundation of North Carolina.: “The Association of Apolipoprotein E Gene Polymorphism with Acute Renal Dysfunction Following Elective Abdominal Aortic Surgery with Aortic Crossclamping.” Senior Investigator. Grant Period: 6/99 – 6/00.
  13. Neurex (Elan Pharmaceuticals): “A Phase III Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Fenoldopam Mesylate in Preserving Renal Function and Decreasing Healthcare Resource Utilization of CABG Patients.” Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 10/99 – 6/00.
  14. Neurex (Elan Pharmaceuticals): “A Phase III Multicenter, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy of Fenoldopam Mesylate in Preserving Renal Function and Decreasing Healthcare Resource Utilization of CABG Patients.” Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 10/99 – 6/00.
  15. Pharmacia & Upjohn: “Renal Protective Properties of Terilazad.” Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 8/98 – 8/99.
  16. Baxter Healthcare Corp.: “Edwards MIRA™ Mechanical Heart Valve Study.” Co-Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 8/98 – 8/99.
  17. HeartPort Inc.: “PortAccess™ Recovery Improvement Study.” Co-Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 10/98 – 10/99.
  18. HeartPort Inc.: “Pain Following PortAccess™ Versus Median Sternotomy for Cardiac Valve Repair/Replacement Surgery.” Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 6/98-6/99.
  19. Biobehavioral Risk Factors in Coronary Artery Disease
    Project 2: CNS Serotonin & Psychosocial/ Biobehavioral Mediators
    PI: R.B. Williams, MD
    NIH Program Project Grant # P02 HL36587
    Grant amount: $9,590,829
    Grant period: 6/97 – 6/02.
    Role: Co-Investigator
  20. Glaxo Wellcome Inc.: “Comparison of Ultiva™ Versus Sufentanil in Subjects Undergoing Cardiac Valve Repair/Replacement Surgery.” Co-Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 6/97 – 6/98.
  21. Roche Bioscience: “Distribution of α1-Adrenergic Receptor Subtypes in Human Spinal Cord.” Co-Principal Investigator. Grant Period: 6/97 – 6/99.
  22. Proctor and Gamble Inc.: “α1- and α2-AR Subtypes in Human Nasal Epithelium.” Consultant.
  23. International Anesthesia Research Society, BB Sankey Award: “Distribution of α2 Adrenergic Receptors in Human Spinal Cord.” Principal Investigator (mentor: Schwinn DA). Grant Period: 7/93 – 6/94.

Peer-Reviewed Manuscripts

  1. Phillips-Bute B, Mathew JP, Blumenthal JA, Morris RW, Podgoreanu MV, Smith M, Stafford-Smith M, Grocott HP, Schwinn DA, Newman MF and the Perioperative Genetics and Safety Outcomes (PEGASUS) Investigative Team The Relationship of Genetic Variability and Depressive Symptoms to Adverse Events Following Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery Psychosom Med Shaw AD, Swaminathan M., Stafford-Smith M. Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury: Putting together the pieces of the puzzle. Nephron Physiol 2008;109:55-60.
  2. Stafford-Smith M, Patel UD, Phillips-Bute BG, Shaw AD, Swaminathan M. Acute Kidney Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease after Cardiac Surgery Adv Chr Kid Dis 2008;15:257-277.
  3. Shaw A, Stafford-Smith M, White WD, Phillips-Bute B, Swaminathan M, Milano C, Welsby I, Aronson S, Mathew J, Petersen E, Newman M. The effect of aprotinin on outcome after coronary-artery bypass grafting. N Engl J Med 2008;358:784-793.
  4. Welsby I, Jones R, Pylman J, Mark JB, Brudney CS, Phillips-Bute B, Mathew JP, Campbell ML, Stafford-Smith M and the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Research Endeavors (CARE) Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. ABO blood group and bleeding after coronary artery bypass surgery. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2007;18:781-785.
  5. Swaminathan M, Shaw AD, Phillips-Bute BG, McGugan-Clark PL, Archer LE, Talbert S, Milano CA, Patel UD, Stafford-Smith M. Trends in acute renal failure associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery in the United States. Crit Care Med 2007;35:2286-2291.
  6. Mathew JP, Mackensen GB, Phillips-Bute B, Stafford-Smith M, Podgoreanu MV, Grocott HP, Hill SE, Smith PK, Blumenthal JA, Reves JG, Newman MF for the Neurologic Outcome Research Group (NORG) of the Duke Heart Center. Effects of extreme hemodilution during cardiac surgery on cognitive function in the elderly. Anesthesiology 2007;107:577-584.
  7. Stafford-Smith M, Bartz R, Wilson K, Baraniuk JN, Schwinn DA. α-adrenergic mRNA subtype expression in human nasal turbinate. (Expression du sous-type d’ARN messager alpha-adrénergique dans le cornet nasal humain) Can J Anesth 2007;54:549-555.
  8. Society of Thoracic Surgeons Blood Conservation Guideline Task Force; Ferraris VA, Ferraris SP, Saha SP, Hessel EA 2nd, Haan CK, Royston BD, Bridges CR, Higgins RS, Despotis G, Brown JR; The Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists Special Task Force on Blood Transfusion; Spiess BD, Shore-Lesserson L, Stafford-Smith M, Mazer CD, Bennett-Guerrero E, Hill SE, Body S. Perioperative blood transfusion and blood conservation in cardiac surgery: the Society of Thoracic Surgeons and The Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists clinical practice guideline. Ann Thor Surg 2007;83(5 Suppl):S27-86.
  9. Mathew JP, Podgoreanu M, Grocott HP, White WD, Morris RW, Stafford-Smith M., Mackensen GB, Rinder CS, Blumenthal JA, Schwinn DA, Newman MF for the PEGASUS Investigative Team. Genetic variants in p-selectin and c-reactive protein influence susceptibility to cognitive decline after cardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;49:1934-42.
  10. Stafford-Smith M. Heart and kidneys: Sharing more than just blood. Curr Opin Anaesthesiol 2007; 20:65-69.
  11. Yates RB, Stafford-Smith M. The genetic determinants of renal impairment following cardiac surgery. Sem Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006;10:314-326.
  12. Homi HM, Sulzer C, Lappas G, D’Amico T, Stafford-Smith M. Suitability of the lumbar test dose for the thoracic epidural space. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2006;20:700-703.
  13. Wright MC, Phillips-Bute B, Mark JB, Stafford-Smith M, Grichnik KP, Andregg BC, Taekman JM. Time of day effects on the incidence of anesthetic adverse events. Qual Saf Health Care 2006;15:258-263.
  14. Phillips-Bute B, Mathew JP, Blumenthal JA, Grocott HP, Laskowitz DT, Jones RH, Mark DB, Newman MF for the Neurologic Outcome Research Group (NORG). Association of neurocognitive function and quality of life one year after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Psychosom Med 2006;68:369-375.
  15. Podgoreanu MV, White WD, Morris RW, Mathew JP, Stafford-Smith M, Welsby IJ, Grocott HP, Milano CA, Newman MF, Schwinn DA for the Perioperative Genetics and Safety Outcomes (PEGASUS) Investigative Team. Inflammatory gene polymorphisms and risk of postoperative myocardial infarction after cardiac surgery. Circulation 2006;114:I275-281.
  16. Basran S, Frumento RJ, Cohen A, Lee S, Du Y, Nishanian E, Kaplan HS, Stafford-Smith M, Bennett-Guerrero E. The association between duration of storage of transfused red blood cells and morbidity and mortality after reoperative cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2006;103:15-20.
  17. Hill SE, Keller RA, Stafford-Smith M, Grichnik K, White WD, D’Amico TA, Newman MF. Efficacy of single-dose multilevel paravertebral nerve blockade for analgesia after thoracoscopic procedures. Anesthesiology 2006;104:1047-1053.
  18. Fischer SS, Phillips-Bute B, Swaminathan M, Milano C, Stafford-Smith M Symmetry aortic connector devices and acute renal injury: A comparison of renal dysfunction after three different aortocoronary bypass surgery techniques. Anesth Analg 2006;102:25-31.
  19. Moretti EW, Morris RW, Podgoreanu M, Schwinn DA, Newman MF, Bennett E, Moulin VG, Mba UU, Laskowitz DT, the Perioperative Genetics and Safety Outcomes Study (PEGASUS) Investigative Team. APOE polymorphism is associated with risk of severe sepsis in surgical patients. Crit Care Med 2005;33:2521-2526.
  20. Wright MC, Taekman JM, Barber L, Hobbs E, Newman MF, Stafford-Smith M. The use of highfidelity human patient simulation as an evaluative tool in the development of clinical research protocols and procedures. Contemporary Clin Trials 2005;26:646-659.
  21. Hill SE, Grocott HP, Leone BJ, White WD, Newman MF and the Neurologic Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Cerebral physiology of cardiac surgical patients treated with the perfluorocarbon emulsion, AF0144. Ann Thorac Surg 2005;80:1401-1407.
  22. Schambra UB, Mackensen GB, Stafford-Smith M, Haines DE, Schwinn DA. Neuron specific α-adrenergic receptor expression in human cerebellum: Implications for emerging cerebellar roles in neurologic disease. Neuroscience 2005;135:507-523.
  23. Stafford-Smith M. Markers and predictors of renal outcome after cardiac surgery. J Med Sci 2005;25:167-172.
  24. Stafford-Smith M, Lefrak EA, Qazi AG, Welsby IJ, Barber L, Hoeft A, Dorenbaum A, Mathias J, Rochon JJ, Newman MF and members of the Global Perioperative Research Organization (GPRO). Efficacy and safety of heparinase I versus protamine in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting with and without cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 2005; 103:229-240.
  25. Grocott HP, White WD, Morris RW, Podgoreanu M, Mathew JP, Nielsen DM, Schwinn DA, Newman MF for the Perioperative Genetics and Safety Outcomes Study (PEGASUS) Investigative Team. Genetic polymorphisms and the risk of stroke after cardiac surgery. Stroke 2005;36:1854-1858.
  26. Patteril M, Stafford-Smith M, Toffaletti JG, Phillips-Bute B, Milano CA, Welsby IJ. Changing systems for measuring activated clotting times: Impact on the clinical practice of heparin anticoagulation during cardiac surgery. Clin Chim Acta 2005;356:218-224.
  27. Mathew JP, Grocott HP, McCurdy II JR, Ti LK, Davis RD, Laskowitz DT, Podgoreanu MV, Swaminathan M, Lynch J, Stafford-Smith M, White WD, Newman MF and the Neurological Outcome Research Group (NORG) of the Duke Heart Center. Preoperative statin therapy does not reduce cognitive dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005; 19:294-299.
  28. Welsby IJ, Podgoreanu MV, Phillips-Bute B, Mathew JP, Smith PK, Newman MF, Schwinn DA, Stafford-Smith M and Perioperative Genetics and Safety Outcomes Study (PEGASUS) Investigative Team. Genetic factors contribute to bleeding after cardiac surgery. J Thromb Haemost 2005;3:1206-1212.
  29. Stafford-Smith M, Podgoreanu M, Swaminathan M, Phillips-Bute B, Mathew JP, Hauser EH, Winn MP, Milano C, Nielsen DM, Smith M, Morris R, Newman MF, Schwinn DA, and Perioperative Genetics and Safety Outcomes Study (PEGASUS) Investigative Team. Association of genetic polymorphisms with risk of renal injury after coronary bypass graft surgery. Am J Kidney Dis 2005;45:519-530.
  30. Stafford-Smith M. Evidence-based renal protection in cardiac surgery. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2005;9:65-76.
  31. Stafford-Smith M, Grocott HP. Renal medullary hypoxia during experimental cardiopulmonary bypass: A pilot study. Perfusion 2005;20:53-58.
  32. Conlon PJ, Crowley J, Stack R, Neary JJ, Stafford-Smith M, White WD, Newman MF, Landolfo K Renal artery stenosis is not associated with the development of acute renal failure following coronary artery bypass grafting. Ren Fail 2005;27:81-86.
  33. Welsby IJ, Newman MF, Phillips-Bute B, Messier RH, Kakkis ED, Stafford-Smith M. Hemodynamic changes after protamine administration: Association with mortality after coronary artery bypass surgery. Anesthesiology 2005;102:308-314.
  34. Bar-Yosef S, Anders M, Mackensen GB, Ti LK, Mathew JP, Phillips-Bute B, Messier RH, Grocott HP, and the Neurological Outcome Research Group and Care Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Aortic Atheroma Burden and Cognitive Dysfunction after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;78:1556-1563.
  35. Sreeram GM, Grocott HP, White WD, Newman MF, Stafford-Smith M. Transcranial Doppler emboli count predicts rise in creatinine following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2004;18:548-551. (Edmonds Jr. HL. Editorial: Emboli and renal dysfunction in CABG patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2004;18:545-547.)
  36. McKinlay KH, Schinderle DB, Swaminathan M, Podgoreanu MV, Milano CA, Messier RH, El- Moalem H, Newman MF, Clements FM, Mathew JP, and the Cardiothoracic Anesthesiology Research Endeavors (CARE) Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Predictors of inotrope use during separation from cardiopulmonary bypass. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2004;18:404-408.
  37. Bar-Yosef S, Mathew JP, Newman MF, Landolfo KP, Grocott HP, the Neurological Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of Duke Heart Center. Prevention of cerebral hyperthermia during cardiac surgery by limiting on-bypass rewarming in combination with post-bypass body surface warming: A feasibility study. Anesth Analg 2004;99:641-646.
  38. Taekman JM, Hobbs G, Barber L, Phillips-Bute B, Wright MC, Newman MF, Stafford-Smith M. Preliminary report on the use of high-fidelity simulation in the training of study coordinators conducting a clinical research protocol. Anesth Analg 2004;99:521-527.
  39. Grocott HP, Mathew JP, Carver EH, Phillips-Bute B, Landolfo KP, Newman MF, and the Neurologic Outcome Research Group of the Duke Heart Center. A randomized controlled trial of the Artic Sun Temperature Management System versus conventional methods for preventing hypothermia during off-pump cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2004;98:298-302.
  40. Mackensen GB, Swaminathan M, Ti LK, Grocott HP, Phillips-Bute B, Mathew JP, Newman MF, Milano CM, Stafford-Smith M, and the Perioperative Outcomes Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of Duke Heart Center. Preliminary report on the interaction of apolipoprotein E polymorphism with aortic atherosclerosis and acute nephropathy after CABG surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2004;78:520-526.
  41. Scarborough JE, White W, Derilus FE, Mathew JP, Newman MF, Landolfo KP, and the Neurologic Outcome Research Group. Combined use of off-pump techniques and a sutureless proximal aortic anastomotic device reduces cerebral microemboli generation during coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;126:1561-1567.
  42. Grocott HP, Darrow TR, Whiteheart DL, Glower DD, Stafford-Smith M. Lung isolation during port-access cardiac surgery: Double-lumen endotracheal tube versus single-lumen endotracheal tube with a bronchial blocker. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003;17:725-727.
  43. Mackensen GB, Ti LK, Phillips-Bute BG, Mathew JP, Newman, MF, Grocott HP, and the Neurologic Outcome Research Group. Cerebral embolization during cardiac surgery: Impact of aortic atheroma burden. Br J Anaesth 2003;91:656-661.
  44. Reddan DN, Szczech LA, Tuttle RH, Shaw LK, Jones RH, Schwab SJ, Stafford-Smith M, Califf RM, Mark DB, Owen Jr. WF. Chronic kidney disease, mortality and treatment strategies among patients with clinically significant coronary artery disease. J Am Soc Nephrol 2003;4:2373-2380.
  45. National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. Cost Effectiveness of Lung-Volume- Reduction Surgery for Patients with Severe Emphysema. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2092-2102.
  46. Swaminathan M, Phillips-Bute BG, Conlon PJ, Newman MF, Smith PK, Stafford-Smith M. The association of lowest hematocrit during cardiopulmonary bypass with acute renal injury after coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;76:784-791.
  47. National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. A Randomized Trial Comparing Lung-Volume-Reduction Surgery with Medical Therapy for Severe Emphysema. N Engl J Med 2003;348:2059-2073.
  48. Williams RB, Marchuk DA, Gadde KM, Barefoot JC, Grichnik K, Helms MJ, Kuhn CM, Lewis JG, Schanberg SM, Stafford-Smith M, Suarez EC, Clary GL, Svenson IK, Siegler IC. Serotonin-related gene polymorphisms and central nervous system serotonin function. Neuropsychopharmacology 2003;533-541.
  49. Ti LK, Mackensen GB, Grocott HP, Laskowitz DT, Phillips-Bute BG, Milano CA, Hilton AK, Newman MF, Mathew JP and the Neurological Outcome Research Group. Apolipoprotein E4 increases aortic atheroma burden in cardiac surgical patients. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2003;125:211-213.
  50. McCreath BJ, Swaminathan M, Booth JV, Phillips-Bute B, Chew ST, Glower DD, Stafford-Smith M. Mitral valve surgery and acute renal injury: Port access versus median sternotomy. Ann Thor Surg 2003;75:812-819.
  51. Phillips-Bute B, Mathew J, Blumenthal JA, Welsh-Bohmer K, White WD, Mark D, Landolfo K, Newman MF, and the Neurological Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of Duke Heart Center. Female gender is associated with impaired quality of life 1 year after coronary artery bypass surgery. Psychosom Med 2003;65:944-951.
  52. Swaminathan M, Kypson AP, Perna JG, Davis RD, Stafford-Smith M. Right ventricular rupture during off-pump coronary bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003;17:87-89.
  53. Djajani GN, Phillips-Bute B. Blumenthal JA, Newman MF, the Neurological Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Chronic exposure to nicotine does not prevent neurocognitive decline after cardiac surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2003;17:341-345.
  54. Albahrani MJ, Swaminathan M, Phillips-Bute B, Smith PK, Newman MF, Mathew JP, Stafford- Smith M. Postcardiac surgery complications: Association of acute renal dysfunction and atrial fibrillation. Anesth Analg 2003;96:637-643.
  55. Stanley TO, Grocott HP, Phillips-Bute B, Mathew JP, Landolfo KP, Newman MF, the Neurological Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of Duke Heart Center. Preliminary evaluation of the Arctic Sun temperature-controlling system during off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery. Ann Thorac Surg 2003;75:1140-1144.
  56. Mathew JP, Grocott HP, Phillips-Bute B, Stafford-Smith M, Laskowitz DT, Rossignol D, Blumenthal JA, Newman MF, and Neurological Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of Duke Heart Center. Lower endotoxin immunity predicts increased cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients after cardiac surgery. Stroke 2003;34:508-513.
  57. Welsby IJ, McDonnell E, El-Moalem H, Stafford-Smith M, Toffaletti JG. Activated clotting time systems vary in precision and bias and are not interchangeable when following heparin management protocols during cardiopulmonary bypass. J Clin Monit Comput 2002;17:287-292.
  58. Amory DW, Grigore A, Amory JK, Gerhardt MA, White WD, Smith PK, Schwinn DA, Reves JG, Newman MF and the Perioperative Organ Protection Research Group. Neuroprotection is associated with β-adrenergic receptor antagonists during cardiac surgery: Evidence from 2,575 patients. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002;16:270-277.
  59. Milano CA, Patel VS, Smith PK, Stafford-Smith M. Risk of anaphylaxis from aprotinin reexposure during LVAD removal and heart transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2002;21:1127- 1130.
  60. Sharma AD, Slaughter TF, Clements FM, Sreeram G, Newman MF, Phillips-Bute B, Bredehoeft SJ, Smith PK, Stafford-Smith M. Association of leukocyte-depleted blood transfusions with infectious complications after cardiac surgery. Surgical Infections 2002;2:127-133.
  61. Grocott HP, Mackensen GB, Grigore AM, Mathew J, Reves JG, Phillips-Bute B, Smith PK, Newman MF, Neurological Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Postoperative hyperthermia is associated with cognitive dysfunction after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Stroke 2002;33:537-541.
  62. Swaminathan M, McCreath BJ, Phillips-Bute BG, Newman MF, Mathew JP, Smith PK, Blumenthal JA, Stafford-Smith M and the Perioperative Organ Protection Research Group. Serum creatinine patterns in coronary bypass surgery patients with and without postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Anesth Analg 2002;95:1-8.
  63. Stanley TO, Mackensen GB, Grocott HP, White WD, Blumenthal JA, Laskowitz DT, Landolfo KP, Reves JG, Mathew JP, Newman MF and Neurological Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. The impact of postoperative atrial fibrillation on neurocognitive outcome after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesth Analg 2002;94:290-295.
  64. Djaiani GN, Glower DD, Heneghan JP, Stafford-Smith M. An unexpected intraoperative finding. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002;16:382-393.
  65. Grigore AM, Grocott HP, Mathew JP, Phillips-Bute B, Stanley TO, Butler A, Landolfo KP, Reves JG, Blumenthal JA, Newman MF and Neurological Outcome Research Group. The rewarming rate and increased peak temperature alter neurocognitive outcome after cardiac surgery. Anesth Analg 2002;94:4-10.
  66. Varadarajan B, Whitaker DK, Vohra A, Stafford-Smith M. Thoracic epidural anesthesia in patients with ankylosing spondylitis undergoing coronary artery surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2002;16:240-245
  67. National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group. Patients at high risk of death after lung-volume-reduction surgery. N Engl J Med 2001;345:1075-1083.
  68. Newman MF, Grocott HP, Mathew JP, White WD, Landolfo K, Reves JG, Laskowitz DT, Mark DB, Blumenthal JA, Neurological Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Report of the substudy assessing the impact of neurocognitive function on quality of life 5 years after cardiac surgery. Stroke 2001;32:2874-2881.
  69. Swaminathan M, East C, Phillips-Bute B, Newman MF, Reves JG, Smith PK, Stafford-Smith M. Report of a substudy on warm versus cold cardiopulmonary bypass: Changes in creatinine clearance. Ann Thorac Surg 2001;72:1603-1609.
  70. Williams RB, Marchuk DA, Gadde KM, Barefoot JC, Grichnik K, Helms MJ, Kuhn CM, Lewis JG, Schanberg SM, Stafford-Smith M, Suarez EC, Clary GL, Svenson IK, Siegler IC. Central nervous system serotonin function and cardiovascular responses to stress. Psychosom Med 2001;63:300-305.
  71. Grigore AM, Mathew J, Grocott HP, Reves JG, Blumenthal JA, White WD, Smith PK, Jones RH, Kirchner JL, Mark DB, Newman MF, Neurological Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Prospective randomized  trial of normothermic versus hypothermic cardiopulmonary bypass on cognitive function after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Anesthesiology 2001;95:1110-1119.
  72. Ti LK, Mathew JP, Mackensen GB, Grocott HP, White WD, Reves JG, Newman MF for the C.A.R.E. Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Effect of apolipoprotein E genotype on cerebral autoregulation during cardiopulmonary bypass. Stroke 2001;32:1514-1519.
  73. Newman MF, Laskowitz DT, White WD, Kirchner JL, Grocott HP, Stafford-Smith M, Sketch MH, Jones RH, Reves JG, Saunders AM. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and age at first coronary artery bypass graft. Anesth Analg 2001;92:824-829.
  74. Newman MF, Kirchner JL, Phillips-Bute B, Gaver V, Grocott H, Jones RH, Mark DB, Reves JG, Blumenthal JA Neurologic Outcome Research Group and C.A.R.E. Investigators of the Duke Heart Center. Longitudinal assessment of neurocognitive function after coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med 2001;344:395-402.
  75. Gamoso MG, Phillips-Bute B, Landolfo KP, Newman MF, Stafford-Smith M. Off pump versus on pump coronary artery bypass surgery and postoperative renal dysfunction. Anesth Analg 2000;91:1080-1084.
  76. Stafford-Smith M, Phillips-Bute B, Reddan DN, Black J, Newman MF. The association of ε- aminocaproic acid with postoperative decrease in creatinine clearance in 1502 coronary bypass patients. Anesth Analg 2000;91:1085-1090.
  77. Chew STH, Newman MF, White WD, Conlon PJ, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Landolfo K, Grocott HP, Stafford-Smith M. Preliminary report on the association of apolipoprotein E polymorphisms with postoperative peak serum creatinine concentrations in cardiac surgical patients. Anesthesiology 2000;93:325-331.
  78. Mackensen GB, Grocott HP, Stafford-Smith M. An interesting finding during transesophageal echocardiographic assessment of the mitral valve. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2000;14:227-228.
  79. Ongjoco RR, Richardson CD, Rudner XL, Stafford-Smith M, Schwinn DA. α2 adrenergic receptors in human dorsal root ganglia: predominance of α2b and α2c subtype mRNAs. Anesthesiology 2000; 92:968-76. editorial: Anesthesiology 2000;92:934-936.
  80. Stafford-Smith M, Schwinn DA. In situ Hybridization of adrenergic receptor mRNA in brain. Methods Mol Biol 2000;126:519-533.
  81. Glower DD. Komtebedde J, Clements FM, deBruijn NP, Stafford-Smith M, Newman MF. Direct aortic cannulation for port-access mitral or coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:1878-1880.
  82. Glower DD, Clements FM, deBruijn NP, Stafford-Smith M, Davis RD, Landolfo KP, Smith PK. Comparison of direct aortic and femoral cannulation for port-access cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1999;68:1529-1531.
  83. Stafford-Smith M. Anesthesia and analgesia for minimally invasive direct coronary bypass and other “beating heart” surgical techniques. Semin Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 1999;3:65-73.
  84. Conlon PJ, Stafford-Smith M, White WD, Newman MF, King S, Winn MP, Landolfo K. Acute renal failure following cardiac surgery. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1999;14:1158-1162.
  85. Stafford-Smith M, Schambra UB, Wilson KH, Page SO, Schwinn DA. α1-adrenergic receptors in human spinal cord: specific localized expression of mRNA encoding α1 adrenergic receptor subtypes at four distinct levels. Mol Brain Res 1999;63:254-261.
  86. Glower DD, Landolfo KP, Clements F, deBruijn NP, Stafford-Smith M, Smith PK, Duhaylongsad F. Mitral valve operation via Port Access versus median sternotomy. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1998;14 Suppl 1:S143-S147.
  87. Gerhardt MA, Booth JV, Chesnut LC, Funk BL, El-Moalem HE, Kwatra MM, Schwinn DA and the Duke Heart Center Perioperative Desensitization Group. Acute myocardial βAR dysfunction after cardiopulmonary bypass in patients with cardiac valve disease. Circulation 1998;98:II-275-281.
  88. Booth JV, Landolfo KP, Chesnut LC, Bennett-Guerrero E, Gerhardt MA, Atwell DM, El-Moalem HE, Stafford-Smith M, Funk BL, Kuhn CM, Kwatra MM, Schwinn DA and the Duke Heart Center Perioperative Desensitization Group. Acute depression of myocardial β-adrenergic receptor signaling during cardiopulmonary bypass: Impairment of the adenylyl cyclase moiety. Anesthesiology 1998;89:602-611.
  89. Grocott HP, Stafford-Smith M, Glower DD, Clements FM. Endovascular aortic balloon clamp malposition during minimally invasive cardiac surgery: Detection by transcranial Doppler monitoring. Anesthesiology 1998;88:1396-1399.
  90. Watke CM, Clements F, Glower DD, Stafford-Smith M. False-positive diagnosis of aortic dissection associated with femoral cardiopulmonary bypass. Anesthesiology 1998;88:1119-1121.
  91. Tardiff BE, Newman MF, Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, White W, Blumenthal JA, White WD, Croughwell ND, Davis RD, Roses AD, Reves JG. Neurologic Outcome Research Group of the Duke Heart Center, Preliminary report of a genetic basis for cognitive decline after cardiac operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1997;64:715-720.
  92. Hall RI, MacLaren C, Stafford-Smith M, McIntyre AJ, Allen CTB, Murphy JT, Sullivan J, Wood J, Ali I, Kinley E. Light versus heavy sedation after cardiac surgery: Myocardial ischemia and the stress response. Anesth Analg 1997;85:971-978.
  93. Gerhardt MA, Greenberg CS, Slaughter TF, Stafford-Smith M. Factor XII deficiency and cardiopulmonary bypass: Use of a novel modification of the activated clotting time test to monitor anticoagulation without the risk of transfusion. Anesthesiology 1997;87:990-992.
  94. Hall RI, Stafford-Smith M, Rocker G. The systemic inflammatory response to cardiopulmonary bypass: Pathophysiological, therapeutic, and pharmacological considerations. Anesth Analg 1997;85:766-782.
  95. Wilson KH, Schambra UB, Stafford-Smith M, Page SO, Richardson CD, Fremeau RT, Schwinn DA. In situ hybridization: Identification of rare mRNA’s in human tissues. Brain Res Protocols 1997;1:175-185.
  96. Stafford-Smith M, Muir H, Hall R I. Perioperative management of drug therapy: Clinical considerations. Drugs 1996;51:238-259.
  97. Stafford-Smith M. Impaired haemostasis and regional anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1996; 43:R129-R135. Les anomalies de l’hémostase et l’anesthésie régionale. Can J Anaesth 1996;43:R136-R141
  98. Oxorn D, Edelist G, Stafford-Smith M. An introduction to transesophageal echocardiography: II. Clinical applications. Can J Anaesth 1996;43:278-294.
  99. Stafford-Smith M, Schambra UB, Wilson KH, Page SO, Hulette C, Light AR, Schwinn DA. α2- Adrenergic receptors in human spinal cord: specific localized expression of mRNA encoding α2- adrenergic receptor subtypes at four distinct levels. Mol Brain Res 1995;34:109-117.

Back To Top | Back To Cardiac

Printer Friendly PageSend this Story to a Friend
User Log In     Admin Shortcut